Linux Basic Commands

[root@localhost Desktop]# cd

[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/sbin
abrt-auto-reporting        mkfs.cramfs
abrt-configuration         mkfs.ext2
abrtd                      mkfs.ext3
abrt-dbus                  mkfs.ext4
abrt-harvest-pstoreoops    mkfs.fat
abrt-harvest-vmcore        mkfs.minix
abrt-install-ccpp-hook     mkfs.msdos
abrt-server                mkfs.vfat
accept                     mkfs.xfs
accessdb                   mkhomedir_helper
accton                     mklost+found
addgnupghome               mkswap
addpart                    ModemManager
adduser                    modinfo
agetty                     modprobe
alsactl                    mount.fuse
alternatives               mount.nfs
anaconda                   mount.nfs4
anacron                    mountstats
applygnupgdefaults         mpathconf
arp                        mpathpersist
arpd                       mtr
arping                     multipath
atd                        multipathd
atrun                      nameif
audispd                    netreport
auditctl                   netscsid
auditd                     NetworkManager
augenrules                 new-kernel-pkg
aureport                   newusers
ausearch                   nfsdcltrack
authconfig                 nfsidmap
authconfig-tui             nfsiostat
autrace                    nfsstat
avahi-autoipd              nl-class-add
avahi-daemon               nl-class-delete
avcstat                    nl-classid-lookup
badblocks                  nl-class-list
bccmd                      nl-cls-add
biosdecode                 nl-cls-delete
biosdevname                nl-cls-list
blkdeactivate              nl-link-list
blkdiscard                 nl-pktloc-lookup
blkid                      nl-qdisc-add
blkmapd                    nl-qdisc-delete
blockdev                   nl-qdisc-list
bluetoothd                 nologin
bonobo-activation-sysconf  nstat
brandbot                   ntpdate
brctl                      ntsysv
bridge                     oddjobd
btrfs                      osd_login
btrfsck                    ownership
btrfs-convert              packer
btrfs-debug-tree           pam_console_apply
btrfs-find-root            pam_tally2
btrfs-image                pam_timestamp_check
btrfs-map-logical          parted
btrfs-show-super           partprobe
btrfstune                  partx
btrfs-zero-log             pethtool
build-locale-archive       pidof
cacertdir_rehash           pifconfig
cache_check                ping6
cache_dump                 pivot_root
cache_repair               pk-device-rebind
cache_restore              plipconfig
capsh                      pluginviewer
cbq                        plymouthd
cfdisk                     plymouth-set-default-theme
cgdisk                     pm-hibernate
chat                       pm-powersave
chcpu                      pm-suspend
chkconfig                  pm-suspend-hybrid
chpasswd                   pm-utils-bugreport-info.sh
chronyd                    postalias
chroot                     postcat
clock                      postconf
clockdiff                  postdrop
consoletype                postfix
convertquota               postkick
cracklib-check             postlock
cracklib-format            postlog
cracklib-packer            postmap
cracklib-unpacker          postmulti
crda                       postqueue
create-cracklib-dict       postsuper
crond                      poweroff
cryptsetup                 pppd
ctrlaltdel                 pppdump
ctstat                     pppoe-discovery
cupsaccept                 pppstats
cupsaddsmb                 ppp-watch
cups-browsed               pvchange
cupsctl                    pvck
cupsd                      pvcreate
cupsdisable                pvdisplay
cupsenable                 pvmove
cupsfilter                 pvremove
cups-genppd.5.2            pvresize
cups-genppdupdate          pvs
cupsreject                 pvscan
dcbtool                    pwck
debugfs                    pwconv
delpart                    pwhistory_helper
depmod                     pwunconv
dhclient                   quot
dhclient-script            quotacheck
dm_dso_reg_tool            quotaoff
dmeventd                   quotaon
dmevent_tool               quotastats
dmidecode                  radvd
dmraid                     radvdump
dmraid.static              raid-check
dmsetup                    rdisc
dnsmasq                    readprofile
dosfsck                    realm
dosfslabel                 reboot
dracut                     regdbdump
dump-acct                  reject
dumpe2fs                   repquota
dump-utmp                  request-key
e2freefrag                 resize2fs
e2fsck                     resizepart
e2image                    restorecon
e2label                    rfkill
e2undo                     rhcrashkernel-param
e4defrag                   rhn-channel
eapol_test                 rhn_check
ebtables                   rhn-profile-sync
ebtables-restore           rhn_register
ebtables-save              rhnreg_ks
edquota                    rhnsd
era_check                  rmmod
era_dump                   rngd
era_invalidate             route
ether-wake                 routef
ethtool                    routel
exportfs                   rpcbind
faillock                   rpcdebug
fatlabel                   rpc.gssd
fcnsq                      rpc.idmapd
fcoeadm                    rpcinfo
fcoemon                    rpc.mountd
fcping                     rpc.nfsd
fcrls                      rpc.rquotad
fdformat                   rpc.statd
fdisk                      rpc.svcgssd
filefrag                   rsyslogd
findfs                     rtacct
fipvlan                    rtcwake
firewalld                  rtkitctl
firstboot                  rtmon
fixfiles                   rtpr
fixparts                   rtstat
fsadm                      runlevel
fsck                       runuser
fsck.cramfs                sa
fsck.ext2                  safe_finger
fsck.ext3                  saned
fsck.ext4                  saslauthd
fsck.fat                   sasldblistusers2
fsck.minix                 saslpasswd2
fsck.msdos                 sedispatch
fsck.vfat                  sefcontext_compile
fsck.xfs                   selinuxconlist
fsfreeze                   selinuxdefcon
fstrim                     selinuxenabled
fuser                      selinuxexeccon
fxload                     semanage
gdisk                      semodule
gdm                        sendmail
genhomedircon              sendmail.postfix
genhostid                  service
genl                       sestatus
genl-ctrl-list             setcap
getcap                     setenforce
getenforce                 setfiles
getpcaps                   setpci
getsebool                  setquota
glibc_post_upgrade.x86_64  setregdomain
groupadd                   setroubleshootd
groupdel                   setsebool
groupmems                  setup
groupmod                   sfdisk
grpck                      sgdisk
grpconv                    sgpio
grpunconv                  showmount
grub2-bios-setup           shutdown
grub2-install              skdump
grub2-macbless             sktest
grub2-mkconfig             slattach
grub2-ofpathname           sln
grub2-probe                smartctl
grub2-reboot               smartd
grub2-set-default          sm-notify
grub2-sparc64-setup        smtp-sink
grubby                     smtp-source
halt                       sosreport
handle-sshpw               spacewalk-channel
hardlink                   spice-vdagentd
hciattach                  ss
hciconfig                  sshd
hwclock                    sshd-keygen
hypervkvpd                 start-statd
hypervvssd                 subscription-manager
iconvconfig                subscription-manager-gui
iconvconfig.x86_64         sulogin
ifcfg                      sushell
ifconfig                   swaplabel
ifdown                     swapoff
ifenslave                  swapon
ifstat                     switch_root
ifup                       sysctl
init                       sys-unconfig
insmod                     tc
install-info               tcpd
installkernel              tcpdmatch
intel-microcode2ucode      tcpdump
ip                         tcpslice
ip6tables                  telinit
ip6tables-restore          testsaslauthd
ip6tables-save             thin_check
ipmaddr                    thin_dump
iprconfig                  thin_metadata_size
iprdbg                     thin_repair
iprdump                    thin_restore
iprinit                    thin_rmap
iprupdate                  tracepath
ipsec                      tracepath6
iptables                   try-from
iptables-restore           tune2fs
iptables-save              tuned
iptunnel                   tuned-adm
irqbalance                 udevadm
iscsiadm                   umount.nfs
iscsid                     umount.nfs4
iscsi-iname                umount.udisks2
iscsistart                 unbound-anchor
iscsiuio                   unix_chkpwd
iw                         unix_update
kdump                      update-alternatives
kexec                      update-pciids
key.dns_resolver           update-smart-drivedb
killall5                   usb_modeswitch
kpartx                     usb_modeswitch_dispatcher
ksmtuned                   usbmuxd
lchage                     useradd
ldattach                   userdel
ldconfig                   userhelper
ledctl                     usermod
ledmon                     usernetctl
lgroupadd                  vgcfgbackup
lgroupdel                  vgcfgrestore
lgroupmod                  vgchange
libvirtd                   vgck
lid                        vgconvert
liveinst                   vgcreate
lldpad                     vgdisplay
lldptool                   vgexport
lnewusers                  vgextend
lnstat                     vgimport
load_policy                vgimportclone
lockdev                    vgmerge
logpicker                  vgmknodes
logrotate                  vgreduce
logsave                    vgremove
losetup                    vgrename
lpadmin                    vgs
lpasswd                    vgscan
lpc                        vgsplit
lpc.cups                   vigr
lpinfo                     vipw
lpmove                     virtlockd
lsmod                      virt-what
lsof                       visudo
lspci                      vmcore-dmesg
luseradd                   vpddecode
luserdel                   weak-modules
lusermod                   wipefs
lvchange                   wpa_cli
lvconvert                  wpa_passphrase
lvcreate                   wpa_supplicant
lvdisplay                  xfs_admin
lvextend                   xfs_bmap
lvm                        xfs_copy
lvmchange                  xfs_db
lvmconf                    xfsdump
lvmdiskscan                xfs_estimate
lvmdump                    xfs_freeze
lvmetad                    xfs_fsr
lvmsadc                    xfs_growfs
lvmsar                     xfs_info
lvreduce                   xfsinvutil
lvremove                   xfs_io
lvrename                   xfs_logprint
lvresize                   xfs_mdrestore
lvs                        xfs_metadump
lvscan                     xfs_mkfile
makedumpfile               xfs_ncheck
matchpathcon               xfs_quota
mdadm                      xfs_repair
mdmon                      xfsrestore
mii-diag                   xfs_rtcp
mii-tool                   xqmstats
mkdict                     xtables-multi
mkdosfs                    yum-complete-transaction
mkdumprd                   yumdb
mke2fs                     zdump
mkfs                       zic
mkfs.btrfs
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/bin
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/bin
[root@localhost ~]# ls /bin
[                                    mcomp
a2p                                  mcookie
abrt-action-analyze-backtrace        mcopy
abrt-action-analyze-c                mc-tool
abrt-action-analyze-ccpp-local       mc-wait-for-name
abrt-action-analyze-core             md5sum
abrt-action-analyze-oops             mdel
abrt-action-analyze-python           mdeltree
abrt-action-analyze-vmcore           mdir
abrt-action-analyze-vulnerability    mdu
abrt-action-analyze-xorg             mergerepo
abrt-action-check-oops-for-hw-error  mesg
abrt-action-generate-backtrace       metacity
abrt-action-generate-core-backtrace  metacity-message
abrt-action-install-debuginfo        mformat
abrt-action-list-dsos                minfo
abrt-action-notify                   mixartloader
abrt-action-perform-ccpp-analysis    mkafmmap
abrt-action-save-kernel-data         mkdir
abrt-action-save-package-data        mkfifo
abrt-action-trim-files               mkfontdir
abrt-applet                          mkfontscale
abrt-cli                             mkhybrid
abrt-dump-oops                       mkinitrd
abrt-dump-xorg                       mkisofs
abrt-handle-upload                   mkmanifest
abrt-merge-pstoreoops                mknod
abrt-watch-log                       mkrfc2734
abs2rel                              mktemp
ac                                   mlabel
aconnect                             mmcli
activation-client                    mmc-tool
addr2line                            mmd
alias                                mmount
alsa-delay                           mmove
alsa-info                            mobj_dump
alsa-info.sh                         modifyrepo
alsaloop                             modutil
alsamixer                            more
alsaucm                              mount
alsaunmute                           mountpoint
amidi                                mousetweaks
amixer                               mpartition
amuFormat.sh                         mpls_dump
anaconda-cleanup                     mpstat
analog                               mrd
aplay                                mren
aplaymidi                            msgattrib
applydeltarpm                        msgcat
apropos                              msgcmp
ar                                   msgcomm
arch                                 msgconv
arecord                              msgen
arecordmidi                          msgexec
as                                   msgfilter
aseqdump                             msgfmt
aseqnet                              msggrep
aserver                              msghack
at                                   msginit
atq                                  msgmerge
atrm                                 msgunfmt
attr                                 msguniq
audit2allow                          mshortname
audit2why                            mshowfat
aulast                               mtools
aulastlog                            mtoolstest
ausyscall                            mtype
auvirt                               mutter
awk                                  mutter-message
baobab                               mv
base64                               mxtar
basename                             mzip
bash                                 nail
bashbug                              namei
bashbug-64                           nano
batch                                nautilus
bc                                   nautilus-autorun-software
bdftopcf                             nautilus-connect-server
bdftruncate                          nautilus-sendto
bd_info                              nc
bdsplice                             ncat
bg                                   ndptool
blkiomon                             needs-restarting
blkparse                             nenscript
blkrawverify                         neqn
blktrace                             net
bluetooth-sendto                     netstat
bluetooth-wizard                     nettle-hash
bno_plot.py                          nettle-lfib-stream
bond2team                            newaliases
bonobo-activation-run-query          newaliases.postfix
bootctl                              newgrp
brltty                               nfsiostat
brltty-config                        ngettext
brltty-ctb                           nice
brltty-install                       nisdomainname
brltty-trtxt                         nl
brltty-ttb                           nm
btrace                               nmcli
btrecord                             nm-connection-editor
btreplay                             nm-online
btt                                  nmtui
build-classpath                      nmtui-connect
build-classpath-directory            nmtui-edit
build-jar-repository                 nmtui-hostname
bunzip2                              nohup
bzcat                                notify-send
bzcmp                                nproc
bzdiff                               nroff
bzgrep                               nsenter
bzip2                                nslookup
bzip2recover                         nsupdate
bzless                               numad
bzmore                               numfmt
c2ph                                 objcopy
cairo-sphinx                         objdump
cal                                  ocsptool
calibrate_ppa                        od
canberra-boot                        oddjob_request
canberra-gtk-play                    oldfind
cancel                               on_ac_power
cancel.cups                          open
captoinfo                            openssl
caribou                              openvt
caribou-preferences                  orbd
cat                                  orca
catchsegv                            orc-bugreport
catman                               osinfo-db-validate
cd                                   osinfo-detect
cd-create-profile                    osinfo-install-script
cdda-player                          osinfo-query
cd-drive                             os-prober
cd-fix-profile                       over
cd-iccdump                           p11-kit
cd-info                              p11tool
cd-paranoia                          pacat
cd-read                              pack200
cdrecord                             package-cleanup
celtdec051                           packagekit-bugreport.sh
celtenc051                           pacmd
centrino-decode                      pactl
certtool                             padsp
certutil                             pamon
c++filt                              pam-panel-icon
chacl                                panelctl
chage                                pango-querymodules-64
charmap                              pango-view
chattr                               paplay
chcat                                paps
chcon                                parec
check-binary-files                   parecord
checkisomd5                          passwd
checkmodule                          paste
checkpolicy                          pasuspender
cheese                               pathchk
chfn                                 pax11publish
chgrp                                pbm2ppa
chmod                                pbmtpg
chown                                pdbedit
chronyc                              pdf2dsc
chrt                                 pdf2ps
chsh                                 pdfdetach
chvt                                 pdffonts
cifsiostat                           pdfimages
ciptool                              pdfinfo
cksum                                pdfseparate
clean-binary-files                   pdftocairo
clear                                pdftohtml
clibrary                             pdftoppm
clibrary2                            pdftops
clpi_dump                            pdftotext
cmp                                  pdfunite
cmsutil                              peekfd
col                                  perl
colcrt                               perl5.16.3
colormgr                             perlbug
colrm                                perldoc
column                               perlthanks
combinedeltarpm                      pf2afm
comm                                 pfbtopfa
command                              pgawk
connection_recovery                  pgrep
consolehelper                        pic
consolehelper-gtk                    piconv
coverage                             pidstat
coverage2                            pinentry
coverage-2.7                         pinentry-curses
cp                                   pinentry-gtk
cpio                                 pinentry-gtk-2
cpupower                             pinfo
crash                                ping
create-jar-links                     ping6
createrepo                           pinky
crlutil                              pitchplay
crontab                              pk12util
crywrap                              pkaction
csh                                  pkcheck
csplit                               pkcon
csslint-0.6                          pkcs1-conv
cups-calibrate                       pkexec
cupstestdsc                          pkg-config
cupstestppd                          pkgenpack
curl                                 pkill
cut                                  pkla-admin-identities
cvt                                  pkla-check-authorization
danetool                             pkmon
date                                 pkttyagent
db_archive                           pl2pm
db_checkpoint                        play
db_deadlock                          pldd
db_dump                              plistutil
db_dump185                           plistutil-1.10
db_hotbackup                         plymouth
db_load                              pmap
db_log_verify                        pm-is-supported
db_printlog                          pnm2ppa
db_recover                           pod2html
db_replicate                         pod2man
db_stat                              pod2text
db_tuner                             pod2usage
db_upgrade                           post-grohtml
dbus-binding-tool                    powernow-k8-decode
dbus-cleanup-sockets                 ppdc
dbus-daemon                          ppdhtml
dbus-launch                          ppdi
dbus-monitor                         ppdmerge
dbus-send                            ppdpo
dbus-uuidgen                         pphs
db_verify                            pr
dc                                   preconv
dconf                                pre-grohtml
dd                                   printafm
deallocvt                            printenv
debuginfo-install                    printf
desktop-file-edit                    prlimit
desktop-file-install                 profiles
desktop-file-validate                prtstat
detect_ppa                           ps
devdump                              ps2ascii
df                                   ps2epsi
dfutool                              ps2pdf
dgawk                                ps2pdf12
diff                                 ps2pdf13
diff3                                ps2pdf14
diff-jars                            ps2pdfwr
diffpp                               ps2ps
dig                                  ps2ps2
dir                                  psed
dircolors                            psfaddtable
dirname                              psfgettable
dmesg                                psfstriptable
dnsdomainname                        psfxtable
domainname                           psktool
dracut                               pstack
drill                                pstree
du                                   pstree.x11
dumpiso                              pstruct
dumpkeys                             ptx
dvcont                               pulseaudio
dvd-ram-control                      purple-client-example
dvdrecord                            purple-remote
dvd+rw-booktype                      purple-send
dvd+rw-format                        purple-send-async
dvd+rw-mediainfo                     purple-url-handler
dvipdf                               pwd
dwp                                  pwdx
easy_install                         pwmake
easy_install-2.7                     pwscore
echo                                 pydoc
ed                                   pygtk-demo
edid-decode                          pyinotify
egrep                                python
eject                                python2
elfedit                              python2.7
empathy                              qemu-ga
empathy-accounts                     qemu-img
empathy-debugger                     qemu-io
enchant                              qemu-nbd
enchant-lsmod                        quota
enscript                             quotasync
env                                  ranlib
envsubst                             rarian-example
eog                                  rarian-sk-config
eps2eps                              rarian-sk-extract
eqn                                  rarian-sk-gen-uuid
escputil                             rarian-sk-get-cl
espeak                               rarian-sk-get-content-list
eu-addr2line                         rarian-sk-get-extended-content-list
eu-ar                                rarian-sk-get-scripts
eu-elfcmp                            rarian-sk-install
eu-elflint                           rarian-sk-migrate
eu-findtextrel                       rarian-sk-preinstall
eu-make-debug-archive                rarian-sk-rebuild
eu-nm                                rarian-sk-update
eu-objdump                           raw
eu-ranlib                            rb
eu-readelf                           rct
eu-size                              rdate
eu-stack                             read
eu-strings                           readcd
eu-strip                             readelf
eu-unstrip                           readlink
evince                               readmult
evince-previewer                     readom
evince-thumbnailer                   realpath
ex                                   rebuild-jar-repository
exempi                               rec
expand                               recode-sr-latin
expr                                 red
factor                               redhat-access-gui
fallocate                            redhat-support-tool
false                                rename
fc                                   renice
fc-cache                             repoclosure
fc-cat                               repodiff
fc-list                              repo-graph
fc-match                             repomanage
fc-pattern                           repoquery
fc-query                             repo-rss
fc-scan                              report-cli
fc-validate                          reporter-bugzilla
festival                             reporter-mailx
festival_client                      reporter-rhtsupport
festival_server                      reporter-upload
festival_server_control              reporter-ureport
ffcfstress                           report-gtk
ffmvforce                            reposync
ffset                                repotrack
fftest                               reset
fg                                   resizecons
fgconsole                            rev
fgrep                                rfcomm
file                                 rhino
file-roller                          rhn_register
find                                 rhsmcertd
find2perl                            rhsm-debug
find-jar                             rhsm-icon
findmnt                              rm
find-repos-of-install                rmail
fipscheck                            rmail.postfix
fipshmac                             rmdir
firefox                              rmid
firewall-cmd                         rmiregistry
firewall-config                      rnano
firewall-offline-cmd                 rngtest
firstboot-windowmanager              rpcgen
flite                                rpm
flite_time                           rpm2cpio
flock                                rpmdb
fmt                                  rpmdumpheader
fold                                 rpmkeys
font2c                               rpmquery
fonttosfnt                           rpmverify
fprintd-delete                       rsync
fprintd-enroll                       rsyslog-recover-qi.pl
fprintd-list                         runcon
fprintd-verify                       run-parts
free                                 rvi
fros                                 rview
funzip                               rvim
fuseiso                              rx
fusermount                           rz
gatttool                             s2p
gawk                                 sadf
gcalccmd                             sandbox
gcm-calibrate                        sane-find-scanner
gcm-import                           sar
gcm-inspect                          satyr
gcm-picker                           saytime
gcm-viewer                           sb
gconf-merge-tree                     sbcdec
gconftool-2                          sbcenc
gcore                                sbcinfo
gcr-viewer                           scanimage
gdb                                  scl
gdb-add-index                        scl_enabled
gdbus                                scl_source
gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders-64          scp
gdmflexiserver                       scp-dbus-service
gdm-screenshot                       script
gedit                                scriptreplay
gencat                               scrollkeeper-config
genisoimage                          scrollkeeper-extract
geqn                                 scrollkeeper-gen-seriesid
getconf                              scrollkeeper-get-cl
getent                               scrollkeeper-get-content-list
getfacl                              scrollkeeper-get-extended-content-list
getfattr                             scrollkeeper-get-index-from-docpath
getkeycodes                          scrollkeeper-get-toc-from-docpath
getopt                               scrollkeeper-get-toc-from-id
getopts                              scrollkeeper-install
gettext                              scrollkeeper-preinstall
gettext.sh                           scrollkeeper-rebuilddb
ghostscript                          scrollkeeper-uninstall
gio-querymodules-64                  scrollkeeper-update
gjs                                  sdiff
gjs-console                          sdp_long_message
gkbd-keyboard-display                sdp_run_test
glib-compile-schemas                 sdptool
glxgears                             seahorse
glxinfo                              sealert
glxinfo64                            seapplet
gmake                                secon
gneqn                                secret-tool
gnome-abrt                           sed
gnome-boxes                          sedismod
gnome-calculator                     sedispol
gnome-character-map                  semodule_package
gnome-clocks                         sendiso
gnome-contacts                       seq
gnome-control-center                 servertool
gnome-dictionary                     sessreg
gnome-disk-image-mounter             setarch
gnome-disks                          setfacl
gnome-documents                      setfattr
gnome-font-viewer                    setfont
gnome-help                           setkeycodes
gnome-keyring                        setleds
gnome-keyring-3                      setmetamode
gnome-keyring-daemon                 setpriv
gnome-open                           setserial
gnome-screenshot                     setsid
gnome-session                        setterm
gnome-session-custom-session         setup
gnome-session-inhibit                setup-nsssysinit
gnome-session-properties             setup-nsssysinit.sh
gnome-session-quit                   setvtrgb
gnome-session-selector               setxkbmap
gnome-shell                          sexp-conv
gnome-shell-extension-prefs          sftp
gnome-shell-extension-tool           sg
gnome-shell-perf-tool                sh
gnome-system-log                     sha1sum
gnome-system-monitor                 sha224sum
gnome-terminal                       sha256sum
gnome-text-editor                    sha384sum
gnome-thumbnail-font                 sha512sum
gnome-tweak-tool                     show-changed-rco
gnomevfs-cat                         showconsolefont
gnomevfs-copy                        show-installed
gnomevfs-df                          showkey
gnomevfs-info                        showrgb
gnomevfs-ls                          shred
gnomevfs-mkdir                       shuf
gnomevfs-monitor                     signtool
gnomevfs-mv                          signver
gnomevfs-rm                          simc_lsmplugin
gnome-weather                        sim_lsmplugin
gnroff                               size
gnutls-cli                           skill
gnutls-cli-debug                     slabtop
gnutls-serv                          sleep
gpasswd                              sliceprint
gpg                                  slogin
gpg2                                 smbcontrol
gpg-agent                            sndfile-resample
gpgconf                              snice
gpg-connect-agent                    soelim
gpg-error                            sort
gpgparsemail                         sotruss
gpgsplit                             sound_dump
gpgv                                 soundstretch
gpgv2                                sox
gpg-zip                              soxi
gpic                                 spd-conf
gpk-application                      spd-say
gpk-dbus-service                     spdsend
gpk-distro-upgrade                   speaker-test
gpk-install-catalog                  speech-dispatcher
gpk-install-local-file               spice-vdagent
gpk-install-mime-type                splain
gpk-install-package-name             split
gpk-install-provide-file             sprof
gpk-log                              sqlite3
gpk-prefs                            ssh
gpk-service-pack                     ssh-add
gpk-update-viewer                    ssh-agent
gprof                                ssh-copy-id
gr2fonttest                          ssh-keygen
grep                                 ssh-keyscan
grilo-test-ui-0.2                    ssltap
grl-inspect-0.2                      stapdyn
groff                                stap-merge
grops                                stap-report
grotty                               staprun
groups                               stapsh
growisofs                            start-pulseaudio-kde
grub2-editenv                        start-pulseaudio-x11
grub2-file                           startx
grub2-fstest                         stat
grub2-glue-efi                       states
grub2-kbdcomp                        stdbuf
grub2-menulst2cfg                    strace
grub2-mkfont                         strace-log-merge
grub2-mkimage                        strings
grub2-mklayout                       strip
grub2-mknetdir                       stty
grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2                stunbdc
grub2-mkrelpath                      stund
grub2-mkrescue                       su
grub2-mkstandalone                   subscription-manager
grub2-render-label                   subscription-manager-gui
grub2-script-check                   sudo
grub2-syslinux2cfg                   sudoedit
gs                                   sudoreplay
gsbj                                 sum
gsdj                                 sushi
gsdj500                              sx
gsettings                            sync
gsettings-data-convert               synclient
gsf-office-thumbnailer               syndaemon
gslj                                 system-config-abrt
gslp                                 system-config-printer
gsnd                                 system-config-printer-applet
gsoelim                              systemctl
gstack                               systemd-analyze
gst-feedback                         systemd-ask-password
gst-feedback-0.10                    systemd-cat
gst-inspect                          systemd-cgls
gst-inspect-0.10                     systemd-cgtop
gst-inspect-1.0                      systemd-coredumpctl
gst-launch                           systemd-delta
gst-launch-0.10                      systemd-detect-virt
gst-launch-1.0                       systemd-inhibit
gst-typefind                         systemd-loginctl
gst-typefind-0.10                    systemd-machine-id-setup
gst-typefind-1.0                     systemd-notify
gst-xmlinspect                       systemd-nspawn
gst-xmlinspect-0.10                  systemd-run
gst-xmllaunch                        systemd-stdio-bridge
gst-xmllaunch-0.10                   systemd-sysv-convert
gtar                                 systemd-tmpfiles
gtbl                                 systemd-tty-ask-password-agent
gtf                                  sz
gtk-launch                           tabs
gtk-query-immodules-2.0-64           tac
gtk-query-immodules-3.0-64           tail
gtk-update-icon-cache                tailf
gtroff                               tar
gucharmap                            taskset
gunzip                               tbl
gupnp-binding-tool                   tcptraceroute
gvfs-cat                             tcsh
gvfs-copy                            teamd
gvfs-info                            teamdctl
gvfs-less                            teamnl
gvfs-ls                              tee
gvfs-mime                            telepathy-gabble-xmpp-console
gvfs-mkdir                           test
gvfs-monitor-dir                     testgdbm
gvfs-monitor-file                    testlibraw
gvfs-mount                           testparm
gvfs-move                            test_ppa
gvfs-open                            text2wave
gvfs-rename                          tgz
gvfs-rm                              tic
gvfs-save                            time
gvfs-set-attribute                   timedatectl
gvfs-trash                           timeout
gvfs-tree                            tload
gzexe                                tnameserv
gzip                                 toe
h2ph                                 top
hangul                               totem
hcitool                              totem-audio-preview
hdmv_test                            totem-video-thumbnailer
hdsploader                           touch
head                                 tput
hexdump                              tr
host                                 tracepath
hostid                               tracepath6
hostname                             traceroute
hostnamectl                          traceroute6
hpcups-update-ppds                   tracker-control
hpijs                                tracker-import
hunspell                             tracker-info
i386                                 tracker-search
ibus                                 tracker-sparql
ibus-daemon                          tracker-stats
ibus-setup                           tracker-tag
ibus-table-createdb                  troff
iceauth                              true
iconv                                truncate
id                                   tset
idevicebackup                        tsort
idevicebackup2                       ttmkfdir
idevicedate                          tty
idevicedebugserverproxy              turbostat
idevicediagnostics                   tzselect
ideviceenterrecovery                 ucs2any
idevice_id                           udevadm
ideviceimagemounter                  udisksctl
ideviceinfo                          ul
idevicepair                          ulockmgr_server
ideviceprovision                     umask
idevicescreenshot                    umount
idevicesyslog                        unalias
idn                                  uname
iecset                               unexpand
igawk                                unicode_start
ijsgutenprint.5.2                    unicode_stop
implantisomd5                        uniq
imsettings-info                      unix-lpr.sh
imsettings-list                      unlink
imsettings-reload                    unpack200
imsettings-switch                    unshare
index_dump                           unxz
info                                 unzip
infocmp                              unzipsfx
infokey                              update-ca-trust
infotocap                            updatedb
initial-setup                        update-desktop-database
inputattach                          update-gtk-immodules
install                              update-mime-database
install-printerdriver                upower
instperf                             uptime
ionice                               urlgrabber
iostat                               usb-devices
ipcalc                               usbhid-dump
ipcmk                                userformat
ipcrm                                userinfo
ipcs                                 usermount
iproxy                               userpasswd
iptables-xml                         users
iptc                                 usleep
isodebug                             usx2yloader
isodump                              utmpdump
isoinfo                              uuidgen
iso-info                             uz
iso-read                             vdir
isosize                              verify_blkparse
isovfy                               verifytree
itweb-settings.itweb                 vi
java                                 view
javaws                               vim
javaws.itweb                         vimdiff
jobs                                 vimtutor
join                                 vinagre
journalctl                           virsh
js                                   virt-host-validate
jscal                                virt-pki-validate
jscal-restore                        virt-xml-validate
jscal-store                          vlock
json_reformat                        vmmouse_detect
json_verify                          vmstat
jstest                               vmtoolsd
jvmjar                               vmware-checkvm
kbdinfo                              vmware-hgfsclient
kbd_mode                             vmware-rpctool
kbdrate                              vmware-toolbox-cmd
kdumpctl                             vmware-user-suid-wrapper
kernel-install                       vmware-vmblock-fuse
keyctl                               vmware-xferlogs
keytool                              vncconfig
kill                                 vncpasswd
killall                              vstp
kmod                                 vxloader
kpatch                               w
ksflatten                            wait
ksshell                              wall
ksvalidator                          watch
ksverdiff                            watchgnupg
l2ping                               wavpack
last                                 wc
lastb                                wdctl
lastcomm                             wftopfa
lastlog                              wget
lchfn                                whatis
lchsh                                whereis
ld                                   which
ld.bfd                               whiptail
ldd                                  who
ld.gold                              whoami
ldns-chaos                           wnck-urgency-monitor
ldns-compare-zones                   wodim
ldnsd                                write
ldns-dane                            wvdial
ldns-dpa                             wvdialconf
ldns-gen-zone                        wvgain
ldns-key2ds                          wvunpack
ldns-keyfetcher                      X
ldns-keygen                          x86_64
ldns-mx                              x86_energy_perf_policy
ldns-notify                          xargs
ldns-nsec3-hash                      xauth
ldns-read-zone                       xbrlapi
ldns-resolver                        xdg-desktop-icon
ldns-revoke                          xdg-desktop-menu
ldns-rrsig                           xdg-email
ldns-signzone                        xdg-icon-resource
ldns-test-edns                       xdg-mime
ldns-testns                          xdg-open
ldns-update                          xdg-screensaver
ldns-verify-zone                     xdg-settings
ldns-version                         xdg-user-dir
ldns-walk                            xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update
ldns-zcat                            xdg-user-dirs-update
ldns-zsplit                          xdpyinfo
less                                 xdriinfo
lessecho                             xev
lesskey                              xfreerdp
lesspipe.sh                          xgamma
lexgrog                              xgettext
libbluray_test                       xhost
libieee1284_test                     xinit
libreoffice5.1                       xinput
libtar                               xkbcomp
libwacom-list-local-devices          xkill
link                                 xlsatoms
linux32                              xlsclients
linux64                              xlsfonts
linux-boot-prober                    xmlcatalog
list_titles                          xmllint
liveinst                             xmlwf
ln                                   xmodmap
loadkeys                             xmvn-builddep
loadunimap                           Xorg
locale                               xorg-x11-fonts-update-dirs
localectl                            xprop
localedef                            xrandr
locate                               xrdb
logger                               xrefresh
login                                xset
loginctl                             xsetmode
logname                              xsetpointer
logview                              xsetroot
look                                 xsetwacom
lp                                   xsltproc
lp.cups                              xstdcmap
lpoptions                            xvattr
lppasswd                             xvinfo
lpq                                  Xvnc
lpq.cups                             xwininfo
lpr                                  xxd
lpr.cups                             xz
lprm                                 xzcat
lprm.cups                            xzcmp
lprsetup.sh                          xzdec
lpstat                               xzdiff
lpstat.cups                          xzegrep
ls                                   xzfgrep
lsattr                               xzgrep
lsblk                                xzless
lscpu                                xzmore
lsinitrd                             yelp
lslocks                              yes
lsmcli                               ypdomainname
lsmd                                 yum
lsusb                                yum-builddep
lsusb.py                             yum-config-manager
lua                                  yum-debug-dump
luac                                 yum-debug-restore
lz                                   yumdownloader
lzop                                 yum-groups-manager
m17n-conv                            zcat
machinectl                           zcmp
mail                                 zdiff
Mail                                 zegrep
mailq                                zenheiset
mailq.postfix                        zenity
mailx                                zfgrep
make                                 zforce
makedb                               zgrep
makedeltarpm                         zip
man                                  zipcloak
mandb                                zipgrep
manpath                              zipinfo
mapscrn                              zipnote
mattrib                              zipsplit
mbadblocks                           zless
mcat                                 zmore
mcd                                  znew
mcheck                               zsoelim
mclasserase
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/bin
[root@localhost ~]# ls /sbin
abrt-auto-reporting        mkfs.cramfs
abrt-configuration         mkfs.ext2
abrtd                      mkfs.ext3
abrt-dbus                  mkfs.ext4
abrt-harvest-pstoreoops    mkfs.fat
abrt-harvest-vmcore        mkfs.minix
abrt-install-ccpp-hook     mkfs.msdos
abrt-server                mkfs.vfat
accept                     mkfs.xfs
accessdb                   mkhomedir_helper
accton                     mklost+found
addgnupghome               mkswap
addpart                    ModemManager
adduser                    modinfo
agetty                     modprobe
alsactl                    mount.fuse
alternatives               mount.nfs
anaconda                   mount.nfs4
anacron                    mountstats
applygnupgdefaults         mpathconf
arp                        mpathpersist
arpd                       mtr
arping                     multipath
atd                        multipathd
atrun                      nameif
audispd                    netreport
auditctl                   netscsid
auditd                     NetworkManager
augenrules                 new-kernel-pkg
aureport                   newusers
ausearch                   nfsdcltrack
authconfig                 nfsidmap
authconfig-tui             nfsiostat
autrace                    nfsstat
avahi-autoipd              nl-class-add
avahi-daemon               nl-class-delete
avcstat                    nl-classid-lookup
badblocks                  nl-class-list
bccmd                      nl-cls-add
biosdecode                 nl-cls-delete
biosdevname                nl-cls-list
blkdeactivate              nl-link-list
blkdiscard                 nl-pktloc-lookup
blkid                      nl-qdisc-add
blkmapd                    nl-qdisc-delete
blockdev                   nl-qdisc-list
bluetoothd                 nologin
bonobo-activation-sysconf  nstat
brandbot                   ntpdate
brctl                      ntsysv
bridge                     oddjobd
btrfs                      osd_login
btrfsck                    ownership
btrfs-convert              packer
btrfs-debug-tree           pam_console_apply
btrfs-find-root            pam_tally2
btrfs-image                pam_timestamp_check
btrfs-map-logical          parted
btrfs-show-super           partprobe
btrfstune                  partx
btrfs-zero-log             pethtool
build-locale-archive       pidof
cacertdir_rehash           pifconfig
cache_check                ping6
cache_dump                 pivot_root
cache_repair               pk-device-rebind
cache_restore              plipconfig
capsh                      pluginviewer
cbq                        plymouthd
cfdisk                     plymouth-set-default-theme
cgdisk                     pm-hibernate
chat                       pm-powersave
chcpu                      pm-suspend
chkconfig                  pm-suspend-hybrid
chpasswd                   pm-utils-bugreport-info.sh
chronyd                    postalias
chroot                     postcat
clock                      postconf
clockdiff                  postdrop
consoletype                postfix
convertquota               postkick
cracklib-check             postlock
cracklib-format            postlog
cracklib-packer            postmap
cracklib-unpacker          postmulti
crda                       postqueue
create-cracklib-dict       postsuper
crond                      poweroff
cryptsetup                 pppd
ctrlaltdel                 pppdump
ctstat                     pppoe-discovery
cupsaccept                 pppstats
cupsaddsmb                 ppp-watch
cups-browsed               pvchange
cupsctl                    pvck
cupsd                      pvcreate
cupsdisable                pvdisplay
cupsenable                 pvmove
cupsfilter                 pvremove
cups-genppd.5.2            pvresize
cups-genppdupdate          pvs
cupsreject                 pvscan
dcbtool                    pwck
debugfs                    pwconv
delpart                    pwhistory_helper
depmod                     pwunconv
dhclient                   quot
dhclient-script            quotacheck
dm_dso_reg_tool            quotaoff
dmeventd                   quotaon
dmevent_tool               quotastats
dmidecode                  radvd
dmraid                     radvdump
dmraid.static              raid-check
dmsetup                    rdisc
dnsmasq                    readprofile
dosfsck                    realm
dosfslabel                 reboot
dracut                     regdbdump
dump-acct                  reject
dumpe2fs                   repquota
dump-utmp                  request-key
e2freefrag                 resize2fs
e2fsck                     resizepart
e2image                    restorecon
e2label                    rfkill
e2undo                     rhcrashkernel-param
e4defrag                   rhn-channel
eapol_test                 rhn_check
ebtables                   rhn-profile-sync
ebtables-restore           rhn_register
ebtables-save              rhnreg_ks
edquota                    rhnsd
era_check                  rmmod
era_dump                   rngd
era_invalidate             route
ether-wake                 routef
ethtool                    routel
exportfs                   rpcbind
faillock                   rpcdebug
fatlabel                   rpc.gssd
fcnsq                      rpc.idmapd
fcoeadm                    rpcinfo
fcoemon                    rpc.mountd
fcping                     rpc.nfsd
fcrls                      rpc.rquotad
fdformat                   rpc.statd
fdisk                      rpc.svcgssd
filefrag                   rsyslogd
findfs                     rtacct
fipvlan                    rtcwake
firewalld                  rtkitctl
firstboot                  rtmon
fixfiles                   rtpr
fixparts                   rtstat
fsadm                      runlevel
fsck                       runuser
fsck.cramfs                sa
fsck.ext2                  safe_finger
fsck.ext3                  saned
fsck.ext4                  saslauthd
fsck.fat                   sasldblistusers2
fsck.minix                 saslpasswd2
fsck.msdos                 sedispatch
fsck.vfat                  sefcontext_compile
fsck.xfs                   selinuxconlist
fsfreeze                   selinuxdefcon
fstrim                     selinuxenabled
fuser                      selinuxexeccon
fxload                     semanage
gdisk                      semodule
gdm                        sendmail
genhomedircon              sendmail.postfix
genhostid                  service
genl                       sestatus
genl-ctrl-list             setcap
getcap                     setenforce
getenforce                 setfiles
getpcaps                   setpci
getsebool                  setquota
glibc_post_upgrade.x86_64  setregdomain
groupadd                   setroubleshootd
groupdel                   setsebool
groupmems                  setup
groupmod                   sfdisk
grpck                      sgdisk
grpconv                    sgpio
grpunconv                  showmount
grub2-bios-setup           shutdown
grub2-install              skdump
grub2-macbless             sktest
grub2-mkconfig             slattach
grub2-ofpathname           sln
grub2-probe                smartctl
grub2-reboot               smartd
grub2-set-default          sm-notify
grub2-sparc64-setup        smtp-sink
grubby                     smtp-source
halt                       sosreport
handle-sshpw               spacewalk-channel
hardlink                   spice-vdagentd
hciattach                  ss
hciconfig                  sshd
hwclock                    sshd-keygen
hypervkvpd                 start-statd
hypervvssd                 subscription-manager
iconvconfig                subscription-manager-gui
iconvconfig.x86_64         sulogin
ifcfg                      sushell
ifconfig                   swaplabel
ifdown                     swapoff
ifenslave                  swapon
ifstat                     switch_root
ifup                       sysctl
init                       sys-unconfig
insmod                     tc
install-info               tcpd
installkernel              tcpdmatch
intel-microcode2ucode      tcpdump
ip                         tcpslice
ip6tables                  telinit
ip6tables-restore          testsaslauthd
ip6tables-save             thin_check
ipmaddr                    thin_dump
iprconfig                  thin_metadata_size
iprdbg                     thin_repair
iprdump                    thin_restore
iprinit                    thin_rmap
iprupdate                  tracepath
ipsec                      tracepath6
iptables                   try-from
iptables-restore           tune2fs
iptables-save              tuned
iptunnel                   tuned-adm
irqbalance                 udevadm
iscsiadm                   umount.nfs
iscsid                     umount.nfs4
iscsi-iname                umount.udisks2
iscsistart                 unbound-anchor
iscsiuio                   unix_chkpwd
iw                         unix_update
kdump                      update-alternatives
kexec                      update-pciids
key.dns_resolver           update-smart-drivedb
killall5                   usb_modeswitch
kpartx                     usb_modeswitch_dispatcher
ksmtuned                   usbmuxd
lchage                     useradd
ldattach                   userdel
ldconfig                   userhelper
ledctl                     usermod
ledmon                     usernetctl
lgroupadd                  vgcfgbackup
lgroupdel                  vgcfgrestore
lgroupmod                  vgchange
libvirtd                   vgck
lid                        vgconvert
liveinst                   vgcreate
lldpad                     vgdisplay
lldptool                   vgexport
lnewusers                  vgextend
lnstat                     vgimport
load_policy                vgimportclone
lockdev                    vgmerge
logpicker                  vgmknodes
logrotate                  vgreduce
logsave                    vgremove
losetup                    vgrename
lpadmin                    vgs
lpasswd                    vgscan
lpc                        vgsplit
lpc.cups                   vigr
lpinfo                     vipw
lpmove                     virtlockd
lsmod                      virt-what
lsof                       visudo
lspci                      vmcore-dmesg
luseradd                   vpddecode
luserdel                   weak-modules
lusermod                   wipefs
lvchange                   wpa_cli
lvconvert                  wpa_passphrase
lvcreate                   wpa_supplicant
lvdisplay                  xfs_admin
lvextend                   xfs_bmap
lvm                        xfs_copy
lvmchange                  xfs_db
lvmconf                    xfsdump
lvmdiskscan                xfs_estimate
lvmdump                    xfs_freeze
lvmetad                    xfs_fsr
lvmsadc                    xfs_growfs
lvmsar                     xfs_info
lvreduce                   xfsinvutil
lvremove                   xfs_io
lvrename                   xfs_logprint
lvresize                   xfs_mdrestore
lvs                        xfs_metadump
lvscan                     xfs_mkfile
makedumpfile               xfs_ncheck
matchpathcon               xfs_quota
mdadm                      xfs_repair
mdmon                      xfsrestore
mii-diag                   xfs_rtcp
mii-tool                   xqmstats
mkdict                     xtables-multi
mkdosfs                    yum-complete-transaction
mkdumprd                   yumdb
mke2fs                     zdump
mkfs                       zic
mkfs.btrfs

[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# /boot
bash: /boot: Is a directory
[root@localhost ~]# ls /boot
config-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
grub2
initramfs-0-rescue-d27340b51e6049f7b53a8e9a62c08b2a.img
initramfs-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64.img
initramfs-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64kdump.img
initrd-plymouth.img
symvers-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64.gz
System.map-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
vmlinuz-0-rescue-d27340b51e6049f7b53a8e9a62c08b2a
vmlinuz-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev
autofs           lp1                 sg0       tty23  tty47  uhid
block            lp2                 sg1       tty24  tty48  uinput
bsg              lp3                 shm       tty25  tty49  urandom
btrfs-control    mapper              snapshot  tty26  tty5   usbmon0
bus              mcelog              snd       tty27  tty50  usbmon1
cdrom            mem                 sr0       tty28  tty51  vcs
char             mqueue              stderr    tty29  tty52  vcs1
console          net                 stdin     tty3   tty53  vcs2
core             network_latency     stdout    tty30  tty54  vcs3
cpu              network_throughput  tty       tty31  tty55  vcs4
cpu_dma_latency  null                tty0      tty32  tty56  vcs5
crash            nvram               tty1      tty33  tty57  vcs6
disk             oldmem              tty10     tty34  tty58  vcsa
dm-0             port                tty11     tty35  tty59  vcsa1
dm-1             ppp                 tty12     tty36  tty6   vcsa2
fd               ptmx                tty13     tty37  tty60  vcsa3
full             pts                 tty14     tty38  tty61  vcsa4
fuse             random              tty15     tty39  tty62  vcsa5
hpet             raw                 tty16     tty4   tty63  vcsa6
hugepages        rfkill              tty17     tty40  tty7   vfio
initctl          rhel                tty18     tty41  tty8   vga_arbiter
input            rtc                 tty19     tty42  tty9   vhost-net
kmsg             rtc0                tty2      tty43  ttyS0  zero
log              sda                 tty20     tty44  ttyS1
loop-control     sda1                tty21     tty45  ttyS2
lp0              sda2                tty22     tty46  ttyS3
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc
abrt                     hosts                     profile.d
adjtime                  hosts.allow               protocols
aliases                  hosts.deny                pulse
aliases.db               hp                        purple
alsa                     idmapd.conf               qemu-ga
alternatives             init.d                    qemu-kvm
anacrontab               inittab                   radvd.conf
asound.conf              inputrc                   rc0.d
at.deny                  iproute2                  rc1.d
at-spi2                  ipsec.conf                rc2.d
audisp                   ipsec.d                   rc3.d
audit                    ipsec.secrets             rc4.d
avahi                    iscsi                     rc5.d
bash_completion.d        issue                     rc6.d
bashrc                   issue.net                 rc.d
binfmt.d                 java                      rc.local
bluetooth                jvm                       redhat-release
bonobo-activation        jvm-commmon               request-key.conf
brltty                   kdump.conf                request-key.d
brltty.conf              kernel                    resolv.conf
chkconfig.d              krb5.conf                 rhsm
chrony.conf              ksmtuned.conf             rpc
chrony.keys              ld.so.cache               rpm
colord.conf              ld.so.conf                rsyncd.conf
cron.d                   ld.so.conf.d              rsyslog.conf
cron.daily               libaudit.conf             rsyslog.d
cron.deny                libibverbs.d              rwtab
cron.hourly              libnl                     rwtab.d
cron.monthly             libreport                 samba
crontab                  libuser.conf              sane.d
cron.weekly              libvirt                   sasl2
crypttab                 locale.conf               scl
csh.cshrc                localtime                 securetty
csh.login                login.defs                security
cups                     logrotate.conf            selinux
cupshelpers              logrotate.d               services
dbus-1                   lvm                       sestatus.conf
dconf                    machine-id                setroubleshoot
default                  magic                     setuptool.d
depmod.d                 mailcap                   sgml
dhcp                     mail.rc                   shadow
DIR_COLORS               makedumpfile.conf.sample  shadow-
DIR_COLORS.256color      man_db.conf               shells
DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor  maven                     skel
dnsmasq.conf             mime.types                smartmontools
dnsmasq.d                mke2fs.conf               sos.conf
dracut.conf              modprobe.d                sound
dracut.conf.d            modules-load.d            speech-dispatcher
drirc                    motd                      ssh
e2fsck.conf              mtab                      ssl
enscript.cfg             mtools.conf               statetab
environment              multipath                 statetab.d
ethertypes               my.cnf                    sudo.conf
exports                  my.cnf.d                  sudoers
exports.d                nanorc                    sudoers.d
favicon.png              netconfig                 sudo-ldap.conf
fcoe                     NetworkManager            sysconfig
festival                 networks                  sysctl.conf
filesystems              nfsmount.conf             sysctl.d
firewalld                nsswitch.conf             systemd
fonts                    nsswitch.conf.bak         system-release
fprintd.conf             ntp                       system-release-cpe
fstab                    numad.conf                terminfo
fuse.conf                oddjob                    tmpfiles.d
gconf                    oddjobd.conf              trusted-key.key
gcrypt                   oddjobd.conf.d            tuned
gdbinit                  openldap                  udev
gdbinit.d                opt                       udisks2
gdm                      os-release                unbound
ghostscript              PackageKit                updatedb.conf
gnome-settings-daemon    pam.d                     UPower
gnome-vfs-2.0            passwd                    usb_modeswitch.conf
gnupg                    passwd-                   usb_modeswitch.d
GREP_COLORS              pbm2ppa.conf              vconsole.conf
groff                    pinforc                   vimrc
group                    pkcs11                    virc
group-                   pki                       vmware-tools
grub2.cfg                plymouth                  wgetrc
grub.d                   pm                        wpa_supplicant
gshadow                  pnm2ppa.conf              wvdial.conf
gshadow-                 polkit-1                  X11
gss                      popt.d                    xdg
gtk-2.0                  postfix                   xinetd.d
gtk-3.0                  ppp                       xml
hba.conf                 prelink.conf.d            yum
host.conf                printcap                  yum.conf
hostname                 profile                   yum.repos.d
[root@localhost ~]# ls /home
guest
[root@localhost ~]# ls /root
anaconda-ks.cfg  Documents  initial-setup-ks.cfg  Pictures  Templates
Desktop          Downloads  Music                 Public    Videos
[root@localhost ~]# ls /media
[root@localhost ~]# ls /proc
1     2426  273   2959  3417  483  658  756          filesystems  net
10    2427  28    2962  3420  5    659  8            fs           pagetypeinfo
11    2454  2806  2965  3422  502  664  82           interrupts   partitions
12    25    2823  2969  3556  518  665  833          iomem        sched_debug
13    2542  2827  2979  3577  59   666  9            ioports      scsi
1393  255   2832  2987  3590  592  667  91           irq          self
14    26    2843  3     363   6    668  acpi         kallsyms     slabinfo
15    261   2844  3002  364   603  673  asound       kcore        softirqs
16    2636  2875  3020  37    604  675  buddyinfo    keys         stat
17    264   2884  3022  371   605  681  bus          key-users    swaps
18    2644  2885  3030  372   606  682  cgroups      kmsg         sys
1823  2646  2893  3037  385   610  684  cmdline      kpagecount   sysrq-trigger
1836  265   2901  3039  386   624  688  consoles     kpageflags   sysvipc
1842  2654  2908  304   387   627  690  cpuinfo      loadavg      timer_list
19    2655  2913  3044  388   638  7    crypto       locks        timer_stats
2     267   2922  3056  389   641  706  devices      mdstat       tty
20    27    2925  3067  39    644  713  diskstats    meminfo      uptime
21    271   2932  3139  390   645  714  dma          misc         version
2322  272   2942  3259  391   648  744  driver       modules      vmallocinfo
24    2720  2949  3328  40    650  746  execdomains  mounts       vmstat
2421  2725  2951  3375  479   651  750  fb           mtrr         zoneinfo
[root@localhost ~]# ls /tmp
8mYLfZG+.aac.part          storage.log
anaconda.log               systemd-private-9LsOgQ
firefox-47.0.1.tar.bz2     systemd-private-d2Y7PV
grilo-plugin-cache-0HA1KY  systemd-private-zaQeTF
grilo-plugin-cache-90O8KY  tmp1zKU9V
grilo-plugin-cache-QZQXKY  tmp7aCU14
hsperfdata_root            tmpdqH2dr
ifcfg.log                  tmpUL2W96
ks-script-QIMtnB           tmpx7HxgM
orbit-root                 tmpXFnox1
packaging.log              tmp_XHIYh
program.log                yum.log
ssh-2nwdfN3dwrNL           yum_save_tx.2016-07-28.08-07.EWUl1K.yumtx
[root@localhost ~]# ls /tmp
8mYLfZG+.aac.part          storage.log
anaconda.log               systemd-private-9LsOgQ
firefox-47.0.1.tar.bz2     systemd-private-d2Y7PV
grilo-plugin-cache-0HA1KY  systemd-private-zaQeTF
grilo-plugin-cache-90O8KY  tmp1zKU9V
grilo-plugin-cache-QZQXKY  tmp7aCU14
hsperfdata_root            tmpdqH2dr
ifcfg.log                  tmpUL2W96
ks-script-QIMtnB           tmpx7HxgM
orbit-root                 tmpXFnox1
packaging.log              tmp_XHIYh
program.log                yum.log
ssh-2nwdfN3dwrNL           yum_save_tx.2016-07-28.08-07.EWUl1K.yumtx
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var
account  crash  games   kerberos  lock  nis       run    var
adm      db     gdm     lib       log   opt       spool  yp
cache    empty  gopher  local     mail  preserve  tmp
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/log
anaconda  dmesg      pluto             secure             Xorg.0.log.old
audit     dmesg.old  pm-powersave.log  speech-dispatcher  Xorg.9.log
boot.log  gdm        ppp               spooler            Xorg.9.log.old
btmp      lastlog    qemu-ga           tallylog           yum.log
chrony    libvirt    rhsm              tuned
cron      maillog    sa                wtmp
cups      messages   samba             Xorg.0.log
[root@localhost ~]# touch notepad
[root@localhost ~]# locate notepad
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir notepad
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘notepad’: File exists
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir notepad1
[root@localhost ~]# vm notepad
bash: vm: command not found...
Similar command is: 'mv'
[root@localhost ~]# vm -v notepad
bash: vm: command not found...
Similar command is: 'mv'
[root@localhost ~]# rm -r notepad
rm: remove regular empty file ‘notepad’? y
[root@localhost ~]# rm -r notepad1
rm: remove directory ‘notepad1’? y
[root@localhost ~]# cat anaconda_ks.cfg
cat: anaconda_ks.cfg: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# more anaconda_ks.cfg
anaconda_ks.cfg: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# locate fstab
/etc/fstab
/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules/updfstab.pp
/usr/lib/dracut/modules.d/95fstab-sys
/usr/lib/dracut/modules.d/95fstab-sys/module-setup.sh
/usr/lib/dracut/modules.d/95fstab-sys/mount-sys.sh
/usr/lib/systemd/system-generators/systemd-fstab-generator
/usr/share/augeas/lenses/dist/fstab.aug
/usr/share/augeas/lenses/dist/vfstab.aug
/usr/share/gnome-disk-utility/edit-fstab-dialog.ui
/usr/share/man/man5/fstab.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/systemd-fstab-generator.8.gz
/usr/share/vim/vim74/syntax/fstab.vim
[root@localhost ~]# update db
bash: update: command not found...
[root@localhost ~]# db
bash: db: command not found...
[root@localhost ~]# whatis db
DB (3pm)             - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API
[root@localhost ~]# whatis ls
ls (1)               - list directory contents
ls (1p)              - list directory contents
[root@localhost ~]# man ls
[root@localhost ~]# a

[root@localhost ~]#Adduser Name
[root@localhost ~]#Passwd Name
[root@localhost ~]#su - username (switchuser)
[root@localhost ~]#userdel -r name
[root@localhost ~]#exit (Logout)
[root@localhost ~]#ls /home All Users Shown(Blue Folder)
[root@localhost ~]#more  /proc/meminfo
[root@localhost ~]#more  /proc/Cpuinfo

[root@localhost Desktop]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# id root
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
[root@localhost ~]# id apache
id: apache: no such user
[root@localhost ~]# id ftp
uid=14(ftp) gid=50(ftp) groups=50(ftp)
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l
total 8
-rw-------. 1 root root 1038 Aug  4 22:38 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Aug  4 23:37 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Aug  4 23:37 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Aug  4 23:37 Downloads
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1089 Aug  4 23:17 initial-setup-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Aug  4 23:37 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Aug  4 23:37 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Aug  4 23:37 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Aug  4 23:37 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Aug  4 23:37 Videos
[root@localhost ~]# ls -h
anaconda-ks.cfg  Documents  initial-setup-ks.cfg  Pictures  Templates
Desktop          Downloads  Music                 Public    Videos
[root@localhost ~]# ls -lh
total 8.0K
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.1K Aug  4 22:38 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Aug  4 23:37 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Aug  4 23:37 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Aug  4 23:37 Downloads
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1.1K Aug  4 23:17 initial-setup-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Aug  4 23:37 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Aug  4 23:37 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Aug  4 23:37 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Aug  4 23:37 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Aug  4 23:37 Videos
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 644 videos
chmod: cannot access ‘videos’: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#

HOW to crack root password

press any key on bootloader except enter and spacebar
press e
following the line starting with linux16 press end then add space and type rd.break following cntrl+X

then
mount -o remount, rw /sysroot
chroot /sysroot
passwd root
touch /.autorelabel
exit

exit